东华大学网络教育学院《大学英语4》平时作业代做案例

Reading Comprehension

Passage One

What makes one person more intelligent than another? What makes one person a genius, like the brilliant Albert Einstein, and another person a fool? Are people born intelligent or stupid, or is intelligence the result of where and how you live? These are very old questions and the answers to them are still not clear.

We know, however, that just being born with a good mind is not enough. In some ways, the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle. It needs exercise. Mental (done with the mind) exercise is particularly important for young children. Many child psychologists (心理学家) think that parents should play with their children more often and give them problems to think about. The children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent. If, on the other hand, children are left alone a great deal with nothing to do, they are more likely to become dull and unintelligent.

Parents should also be careful with what they say to young children. According to some psychologists, if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot, then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things. So it is probably better for parents to say very positive (helpful) things to their children, such as “That was a very clever thing you did.” or “You are such a smart child.”

1. The words “intelligent” and “brilliant” in the first paragraph probably mean _______ while “dull” in the second paragraph means ________.

A. bright and splendid; slow in thinking and understanding

B. pretty and handsome; ordinary-looking

C. great and important; common

D. hopeful and helpful; careless

2. According to the context we can guess that a genius is ________ while an idiot is ________.

A. a normal person; a funny person

B. a strong person; a weak person

C. a highly intelligent person; a foolish or weak-minded person

D. a famous person; an ordinary person

3. A person ________ is more likely to become a genius.

A. whose parents are clever

B. often thinking about difficult problems

C. often helped by his parents and teachers

D. born with a good brain and putting it into active use

4. It is better for parents ________.

A. to praise and encourage their children more often

B. to be hard on their children

C. to leave their children alone with nothing to do

D. to give their children as much help as possible

5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the article?

A. Parents play an important part in their children’s growth.

B. The less you use your mind the duller you may become.

C. Intelligence is obviously the result of where and how you live.

D. What makes a person bright or stupid is still under discussion.

 

Passage Two

When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandma’s generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday best.

But in many other homes, this china--and--silver elegance has given way to stoneware (粗陶)--and--stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual--Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times.

Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs--one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.

Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend” toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television.

Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone causal. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it’s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real” dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron(熨烫) a tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time?

Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette(礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents (“Chew with your mouth closed.” “Keep your elbows off the table.”)must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially.

6. The trend toward casual dining has resulted in ______.

A. bankruptcy of fine china manufacturers

B. shrinking of the pottery industry

C. restructuring of large enterprises

D. economic recession in Great Britain

7. Which of the following may be the best reason for casual dining?

A. Family members need more time to relax.

B. Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.

C. People want to practice economy in times of scarcity.

D. Young people won’t follow the etiquette of the older generation.

8. It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is _______.

A. a retailer of stainless steel tableware

B. a dealer in stoneware

C. a pottery chain store

D. a producer of fine china

9. The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is _______.

A. the increased value of the pound

B. the economic recession in Asia

C. the change in people’s way of life

D. the fierce competition at home and abroad

10. Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life, _______.

A. are still a must on certain occasions

B. are bound to return sooner or later

C. are still being taught by parents at home

D. can help improve personal relationships

 

Passage Three

Teenage boys, regardless of race, are more likely to die from gunshot wounds than from all natural causes combined.

 By the time the average American child leaves primary school, he or she will witness 8,000 murders and more than 100,000 acts of violence on television.

 Youth are becoming involved in violence at an alarming rate. In fact, the young arrest rate for murder doubled, from 6 arrests per 100,000 youth aged from 10 to 17 to over 12 per 100,000.

 The American Psychological Association Commission on Violence and Youth reported on a study of first and second graders in Washington DC: 45% said they had witnessed muggings (行凶抢劫), 31 % said they had witnessed shootings, and 39% said they had seen dead bodies.

 For the many youth who have not been directly exposed to violence in their own communities, the entertainment media (television, movies, music and video games) provides many opportunities for children to see and hear violent exchanges. Research shows that there are about 5-6 violent acts per hour on prime time and 20-25 violent acts on Saturday morning children’s programming. In its report, the American Psychological Association (APA) reported that viewing violence on television hurts children in many ways. In particular, the APA concludes that children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others, be more fearful of the world around them, be more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways toward others, and gradually accept violence as a way to solve problems. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry also cautions that children may imitate the violence they observe on television.

 Another form of violence involving youth is physical punishment in the schools. This form of discipline still remains legally supported in 23 nations in America. The Office for Civil Rights in the Department of Education reported that 555,000 students were physically punished in the schools during this school year. Although such punishment has been regarded as an effective method of discipline by those who apply it, the findings are obvious that physical punishment does not work and that children who are victims of physical punishment are subject to potential long-term physical and emotional damage.

11.According to the passage, the American teenage boys,lives are most threatened by ______

A. gun murders     B. natural diseases     C.TV violence     D. physical punishment

12. The author tends to use the fourth paragraph to support the idea that _____

A. many youth have watched much violence on TV

B. youth violence in Washington D.C.is very serious

C. fights may be the most widely-seen youth violence

D. American youth have been exposed to much violence

13. The APA indicates that too much TV violence may change children ______.

A.to become separated from the world

B.to remain indifferent to others’ pain

C.to solve problems only by violence

D.to be fearful of aggressive behaviors

14. The passage does NOT discus that many youth become victim of ______.

A .murders   B. family violence  C. TV violence   D. school violence

15. The author may most probably agree that physical punishment is _________

A. acceptable, though ineffective

B. illegal,though effective

C. harmful, though legal

D. reasonable, though illegal

 

Passage Four

The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not, things that lead to happiness involve some pain.

 As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment(承担的义务), self- improvement.

 Ask a bachelor(单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.

 Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's sleep or three-day vacation. I don't know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.

 Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

16. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because______.

A. he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities

B. he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single

C. he finds more fun in dating than in marriage

D. he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement

17. Raising children, in the author's opinion, is_______.

A. a moral duty

B. a rewarding task

C. a thankless job

D. a source of inevitable pain

18. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from______

A. hatred    B. misunderstanding   C. prejudice     D. ignorance

19. To understand what true happiness is one must_______

A. have as much fun as possible during one's lifetime

B. make every effort to liberate oneself from pain

C. put up with pain under all circumstances

D. be able to distinguish happiness from fun

20. What is the author trying to tell us?

A. Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.

B. One must know how to attain happiness.

C. It is important to make commitments.

D. It is pain that leads to happiness.

 

Exercise 2

 

Multiple Choices: choose the best answer to complete every sentence.

1. It is ______ that terrorism is a great threat to world peace.
A. widely accepted      B. widely accepting    

C. wide accepted        D. wide accepting
2. The house built of stone lasts longer than ____ built of wood.
A. the one            B. one         C. that               D. its

3. E-mail as well as telephones ____ more and more popular in daily communication.
A. have become      B. become     C. are becoming        D. is becoming

4. This kind of cloth ____ well.
 A. washes            B. wash        C. is washed              D. is washing

5. What do you mean ____ saying that you've never heard of it before?

A. in                  B. by                  C. as               D. with

6. They’ll have to cut the film ______----it’s far too long.

A. down           B. up               C. into           D. on

7. In many cases, optional subjects ______ science are available, such as business studies.

A. more than       B. other than         C. less than        D. little than

8. The less you spend, the less you’ll owe, and the less likely you’ll ______ bankrupt.

A. turn off         B. get into           C. reach for        D. end up

9. If ______ of the charge he would face a prison sentence of six years.

A. convicted       B. taken             C. got             D. convict

10. Any claims for refund or ______ must be made in writing to our head office within 28 days.

A. compensation    B. difficulty         C. problem          D. change

11. His role was to drum ______ contributions and donations from friends in big business.

A. to             B. over              C. up              D. out

12. The chairman spoke so forcefully that the rest of the committee yielded ______ his opinion.

A. down          B. for               C. to              D. of

13. If you want to donate a number of books to your organization, club, association or to your local school library for the children to read, please fill ______ the form below.

A. over           B. after             C. out             D. side

14. The local government has given priority to the construction of infrastructure so as to attract more foreign ______.

A. blood         B. attack             C. influence         D. investment

15. We had only two weeks to tour Malaysia, which was hardly enough to ______ the surface.

A. patience         B. pain           C. appeal            D. scratch

16. We believe it’s possible to _______ growth through the use of different kinds of energy that will allow for lower carbon emissions.

A. sustain          B. run            C. come           D. go

17. The European Union is made up of 27 nations with _______ cultural, linguistic and economic roots.

A. accuse          B. pay            C. distinct         D. offer

18. Now that we have approval we may _______ the scheme as previously agreed.

A. throw           B. execute         C. popular         D. stress

19. The first mobile phones were heavy and ______ to use, but nowadays they are much easier to handle.

A. clumsy          B. happy          C. fairy           D. glad

20. Charlie Chaplin was born in a poor area of South London, but in 1913 he left Britain ______ good.

A. for             B. again           C. about          D. free

 

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